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SS-31
LongevitySingleAlso known as: Elamipretide, MTP-131
A cell-permeable tetrapeptide that targets cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membranes, studied for mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, heart failure, and primary mitochondrial disease.
Half-life
2 h
Common dose
5 – 40 mg
Dosing frequency
Daily
Administration
Subcutaneous
How it works
SS-31 binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing electron-transport-chain complexes, reducing ROS production, and preserving ATP synthesis under stress.
Protocol notes
Clinical trials have used 40 mg subcutaneously daily for primary mitochondrial disease. Research protocols vary 5–20 mg daily for shorter cycles.
Reported side effects
Injection-site reactions are most common. Generally well-tolerated.